Reciprocating compressor is a kind of positive displacement compressor, its main components include cylinder, crank connecting rod mechanism, piston assembly, packing (that is, the compressor seal), air valve, body and foundation, pipeline and accessories. equipment, etc.
1) Cylinder:
The cylinder is one of the main parts of the compressor. It should have a good surface to facilitate lubrication and wear resistance, as well as good thermal conductivity, so that the heat energy generated by friction can be dissipated at the fastest speed; The air flow channel area and the valve installation area are small, so that the volume of the valve cavity can reach the pressure pulsation amplitude that can reduce the air flow, so as to ensure the normal operation of the air valve and reduce power consumption. The clearance volume should be smaller to improve the efficiency of the compressor.
2) Crank connecting rod mechanism:
The mechanism includes crossheads, connecting rods, crankshafts, sliding guides, etc. - it is the main operation and transmission component, which converts the circular motion of the motor into the reciprocating motion of the piston through the connecting rod, and is also the main force-bearing component.
3) Piston assembly:
There are mainly piston head, piston ring, bearing and piston rod. The shape and size of the piston are closely related to the cylinder, and are divided into double-acting and single-acting pistons. Piston rings are used to seal the high pressure gas in the cylinder and prevent it from leaking from the gap between the piston and the cylinder. As the name suggests, the function of the support is to support the piston, so the support is also a wearing part, and the quality of the support material also directly affects the service life of the compressor.
4) Filling:
Piston rod packing is mainly used to seal the gap between the inner seat of the cylinder and the piston rod to prevent gas leakage along the radial direction of the piston rod. The manufacture and installation of packing rings involves "three gaps". They are axial clearance (to ensure that the packing ring can float freely in the ring groove), radial clearance (to prevent deformation or damage of the packing ring due to the compression of the piston rod due to the sinking of the piston rod) and tangential clearance (to compensate for the wear).
5) Air valve:
It is the most important component of the compressor, and it is also the most easily damaged part. The quality of its design will directly affect the displacement, power consumption and operational reliability of the compressor. A good air valve should have the following characteristics: high efficiency and energy saving (accounting for 3%~7% of shaft power), perfect combination of air tightness and action timeliness, long life (generally the actual life is 8000h), small clearance volume, noise Low temperature, small temperature rise, can be refurbished.
